Did any other cultures or societies have a similar job to a knocker-upper?

Yes, there were similar jobs in other cultures and societies. In ancient Rome, there were people called "vigiles" who were responsible for waking up citizens and checking for fires at night. In Japan, there were "yamauba" who would go around banging on doors to wake people up for work. In some rural areas of India, there were "ghantasalas" who would use bells to wake people for morning prayers.